Journal articles: 'Sweet potatoes – Varieties – Mozambique' – Grafiati (2024)

Abstract:

Background Orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) is a promising biofortified crop for sub-Saharan Africa because it has high levels of provitamin A carotenoids, the formed vitamin A is bioavailable, and white-fleshed sweet potato is already widely grown. Objectives To examine whether farmers will adopt varieties with a distinct visible trait, young children will eat OFSP in sufficient quantities to improve vitamin A intake, OFSP can serve as an entry point for promoting a more diversified diet, and lessons can be drawn to assure sustained adoption. Methods The 2-year quasi-experimental intervention study followed households and children ( n = 741; mean age, 13 months at baseline) through two agricultural cycles in drought prone-areas of Mozambique. Results OFSP is acceptable to farmers when introduced by using an integrated approach. In the second year, intervention children ( n = 498) were more likely than control children ( n = 243) to have consumed OFSP (54% vs. 4%), dark-green leaves (60% vs. 46%), or ripe papaya (65% vs. 42%) on 3 or more days in the previous week ( p < .001 for all comparisons). Their vitamin A intakes were nearly eight times higher than those of control children (median, 426 vs. 56 μg RAE [retinol activity equivalents], p < .001). Diet diversification was limited by difficult agroecological conditions and low purchasing power. However, dietary diversity was higher among intervention than control children (32% vs. 9% consuming food from more than four groups; p < .001). Conclusions An integrated OFSP-based approach had a positive impact on the vitamin A intake of young children. A market development component and improved vine multiplication systems are recommended to assure sustained adoption.

Abstract:

The study was carried out to evaluate the impact of processing on retention of beta-carotene of sweet potatoes. Eight cultivars of sweet potatoes were used in the study; among which four cultivars were of orange-fleshed varieties viz. ‘CIP 440012’, ‘CIP 440015’, ‘CIP 440267’ & ‘CIP 440021’, and four cultivars were of white fleshed varieties viz. Lamatar White, Balewa Red, Sangachowk Red and Barbote White. The proximate composition and micronutrient composition of eight cultivars of raw sweet potatoes were determined. The carotene content of sweet potato cultivars was also calculated. Finally, the retention of carotene content in sweet potato cultivates under various processing methods (viz. boiling for 30 minutes at 100°C, baking in a microwave oven at 200°C for 30 minutes and drying in a cabinet dryer for 12 hours at 60°C) was observed. The orange fleshed varieties (CIP cultivars) had the greater proximate composition than the white fleshed varieties (local cultivars). The micronutrient composition of orange fleshed sweet potatoes and white fleshed varieties were similar. But the carotene content of the orange fleshed varieties was greater; ranging from 14.43-22.11 mg/100gm. The white fleshed varieties had a low carotene concentration of 0.70-1.83 mg/100gm. The retention of carotene content was observed higher in the boiling process (79%-89%) followed by baking (56%-78%) and least in drying (44%-67%). Also, the orange fleshed varieties had a better retention capability than white fleshed varieties in all the processing methods. Thus, orange fleshed sweet potatoes had a better nutrient profile with higher retention capabilities.

Abstract:

Sweet potato breeding at the Padjadjaran University farmland has produced new clones of sweet potatoes, Awachy 5 and Biang Varieties. Both clones contain high starch content, 25.46% and 15.96% respectively, having a good potential to be processed into flour as raw material for emergency food. However, due to poorly functional and amylograph characteristics, the clones need to be modified, one of which through fermentation. The objective of the study was to select the best varieties type of sweet potatoes and to determine the appropriate duration of fermentation to produce fermented sweet potatoes with the best physical, chemical and amylograph characteristics. The research method used was Randomized Block Design, consisting of 8 treatments and 3 repetitions. Awachy 5 and Biang Varieties were fermented for 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours respectively. The results showed that the fermented sweet potatoes flour of Awachy 5 with 72 hours of fermentation have produced the best characteristics of physical, chemical and amylograph, 7.21 ml/g swelling volume, 8.4% solubility, 84.37oC initial gelatinization temperature, 5092 cP peak viscosity, 2471 cP breakdown viscosity, 1089 cP setback viscosity, 68.04% starch content and 3.51% water content.

Abstract:

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) is one of the main crops worldwide. However, systematic properties characterization of this crop is still required, particularly on the Malaysian local sweet potatoes. Hence, this study aims to determine the proximate composition and the energy value of five common varieties of local sweet potato (Anggun 1, Anggun 2, Anggun 3, White, and VitAto) in Malaysia. For each variety, three different parts of the tuberous root which were the skin, the cortex, and the mixture of cambium and parenchyma were characterized. The findings indicated that VitAto exhibited the highest starch (16.95% – 17.17%) and crude protein (0.86% – 1.15%) contents in all parts as compared to other varieties, hence reflecting its potentials to be further processed for a mass starch production. Among all the parts, the skin contained the highest crude protein, crude fat, ash and crude fibre, which can be further utilized to produce by-products such as animal feed. The findings in this study serve as a baseline for the future starch and byproducts production from local sweet potatoes.

Abstract:

Background: Snack bar from sweet potatoes and black soybeans is low GI, fat and calorie snack which haveantioxidant content, such as β-carotene, anthocyanin, isoflavone, and antioxidant activity, so can be an alternativesnack for patients with DM type 2. Antioxidants intake can prevent the oxidative stress that lead micro- and macrovascularcomplications in DM type 2. Antioxidant intake may preserve endogen antioxidant capacity, which is can bedetermined by analyzing SOD concentration.Objective: analyze effect variety of Snack bar from sweet potatoes and black soybeans consume to SOD concentration.Methods: experimental post-pretest research used 3 varieties of sweet potato’s color (red, yellow, and purple)interventions. SOD concentration was analyzed by colorimetric. Statistic data was analyzed by dependent t-test andOne Way Anova.Results: No different between groups interventions Snack bar from purple, yellow or red sweet potatoes (p=0,122).Group with snack bar from purple sweet potatoes intervention has lowest SOD decreasing percentage among otherintervention groups.Conclusion: Consume snack bar form purple sweet potatoes and black soybeans can preserve SOD concentrationbetter than consume snack bar form yellow or red sweet potatoes and black soybeans

Abstract:

Differential (BNT) test at 5% level. The results of the study The growth of several varieties of sweet potatoes showed that there is very useful for the location in the field of farming BPP Lampung is shown with good and healthy tendrils growth and good production. The results of his study showed that the highest production in Ayammurasaki (B) varieties = 20.24 kg / 10 m2 was equivalent to 20.24 tons per hectare, the second highest Sawentar (C) 18.46 kg / 10 m2 was equivalent to 18.46 tons per hectare, then Sukuh (A) = 17.20 kg / 10 m2 is equivalent to 17.20 tons per hectare and the second lowest varieties of Antin-1 (E) = 12.02 kg / 10 m2 is equivalent to 12.02 tons per hectares and the lowest production is Cangkuang (D) = 8.00 kg / 10 m2 equivalent to 8.00 tons per hectare.

Abstract:

<p>Indonesia placed the fourth biggest diabetics in the world after India, China, and the USA with prevalence amounting to 8.6% of the population. Diabetes is an abnormal carbohydrate metabolism. Therefore, nutrition plays a key role in the management of the disease. This study aimed to find hypoglycemic sweet potatoes and appropriate processing to create low glycemic foods. Eight Indonesian sweet potato varieties/clones were used in this experiment, i.e. Kidal, Sukuh, Sari, Ungu, Jago, BB00105.10, B0464, and BB00106.18. Samples were firstly analyzed for their physicochemical and nutritional properties, which then followed by evaluation of their hypoglycemic responses. The selected variety was processed into three different basic processing methods, i.e. boiling, baking, and frying, and then their glycemic indexes (GI) were evaluated. Result showed that among eight sweet potato varieties/clones studied, BB00105.10 clone indicated the best hypoglycemic response. The highest hypoglycemic activity was supported with the highest resistant starch content (3.8%), protein content (5.47%), and low starch digestibility (51.4%). The sweet potato tubers contained medium to high amylose (24.94%). Processing methods influenced the GI value of foods. Fried sweet potatoes had the lowest GI (47), followed by the boiled one (GI = 62) and the baked one (GI = 80).</p>

Abstract:

<p>The diversity of sweet potatoes from Agam and Solok District of West Sumatra is known to be very high, it causes somedifficulties in taxonomic research. The diversity analysis based on the leaf and flower morphology has not done before in local sweet potato from Agam and Solok District. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of local varieties of sweet potato from West Sumatra based on leaves and flowers morphological characters. The analysis was conducted on 21 accessions collected from West Sumatra regencies and germplasm collection. The Morphological characterization was done based on CIP/AVRDC/IBPGR descriptor list. The data of morphological character was analyzed using Primary Component Analysis (PCA) and grouping analysis using Cluster Analysis through SAHN method on NTSys program, with UPGMA as similarities criteria. The results showed that the first four principal components contributed 89.6% to the plant diversity. The sweet potatoes were divided into 2 clusters, with the main distinguishing character was the existence of plant flowers. Information on genetic diversity and the pattern of relations between accessions will be very useful for the West Sumatra people in developing superior sweet potatoes.</p>

Abstract:

Biofertilizer enable to improve nutrient cycle in soil and induce plant growth and production, but sweet potatoes farmers in Indonesia are still use only chemical fertilizer as a source of plant nutrient. The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effect of different doses of consortium biofertilizer to reduce chemical fertilizer dose; and maintain yield and sweetness of two sweet potato varieties. The experimental design was completely randomized block design which tested six combinations of different chemical fertilizer and biofertilizer doses. Analysis of variance was performed to determine any significant differences between the means of treatments. The results showed that the response of both sweet potatoes varieties on combined application of chemical and bio fertilizer was differ. All treatments did not change tuber number and weight of sweet potato var. Awachy-1 but increased those of var. Rancing. Application of diazotrophic bacteria (Azotobacter, Azospirillum and Acinetobacter) mixed with phosphate solubilizing microbes (Pseudomonas and Penicillium) with reduced fertilizer doses up to 75% did not alter soil available nitrogen and phosphorous. Despite different fertilizer rates, tubers number of both sweet potato varieties in individual plot was similar. Yield did not change due to reduction of fertilizer dose up to 75% when biofertilizer was applied. However, yield was potentially decreased when chemical fertilizer was only 50%. All fertilizer treatments did not change the sweetness of tuber which indicated by constant brix. Research suggested that biofertilizer might substitute 25% of chemical fertilizer to obtain the same yield and quality of tuber, and maintain the availability soil nitrogen and phosphorous.

Abstract:

The objective of the study was to characterize the mineral profile of Brazilian sweet potatoes and to evaluate the influence of cooking by immersion in water on these micronutrients. The cultivars Amorano, Júlia, Valentina, UGA 29, UGA 34, UGA 45, UGA 49, UGA 79, UGA 80 and UGA 81 were investigated. The levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, copper and silicon were quantified in the samples of raw and cooked sweet potatoes, which presented statistical difference between the varieties. The genotypes that stood out were Júlia and UGA 45 with higher mineral contents, while Amorano and UGA 29 were characterized by lower contents. Water immersion cooking reduced sodium, potassium and iron contents for all Brazilian sweet potato cultivars, while Zn, Mn and Cu showed the least changes. It is concluded that cooking in water significantly reduces the mineral content of most Brazilian sweet potato cultivars.

Abstract:

A randomized design was conducted in 1994 to determine the effect of flower removal on yield of two potato and three sweetpotato cultivars. The results showed a three-way interaction with mean height of `Atlantic' and `Snowden' potatoes evaluated in this study. Total root numbers of the two potato cultivars were significantly greater when rowcovers were used. The yield of grade A sweetpotato cultivars was greater when flowers were removed. The yield and marketable yield of U.S. no. 1 sweet potatoes was significant when flowers were removed.

Abstract:

Sweet potato is the sixth most important crop widely cultivated around the world with abundant varieties. Different varieties gain different phenolic profiles which has drawn researchers’ attention for its unique health benefits. Our study evaluated the phenolic profiles, total and cellular antioxidant activities, antiproliferative activities, and cytotoxicity in 10 cultivated varieties of sweet potato in different colours. Among fourteen metabolites detected in our study, hyperoside, ferulic acid and caffeic acid were considered as prominent in SPSRs. According to the principle component analysis, phytochemical composition of HX22, YS15 and YS7 was quite similar. The results also evidenced that purple-fleshed varieties, such as YS43, YZ7 and YY153, have higher total phenolics content and corresponding stronger total antioxidant capacities as well as cellular antiproliferative activities against human liver cancer HepG2 cells than other varieties. The extremely significant correlation between phenolics and total antioxidant activity was also revealed by Pearson correlation analysis (p < 0.05). However, no significant relevance was found between intracellular antioxidant activity and total phenolic content or flesh colour of sweet potatoes.

Abstract:

Sweet potatoes are an important crop in the southern U.S. The southern U.S. is subject to heavy rainfall at any time during the production season, and soils could be flooded for days. Previous work has shown that sweet potatoes flooded just prior to harvest exhibited increased decay during curing and storage. This study was designed to determine the effects of flooding at both mid-season and late-season on sweet potato yield. Four cultivars were grown in both 1989 and 1990. Each cultivar received a control treatment (no flooding), flooding halfway through the production season, and flooding just prior to harvest. Flooding was continuous for approximately 6 days. Yield was not significantly affected by late season flooding, but mid-season flooding reduced yields of all varieties. Yield reduction due to flooding at mid-season was in excess of 35% in 1989 and in excess of 50% in 1990.

Abstract:

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is native plant comes from the American continent. It began to spread throughout the world, especially in the tropical countries in the 16th century. Papua Province is one of the regions with the largest area of harvested sweetpotato in Indonesia, therefore there is a high chance to develop food independence in Papua. Because of the Papuan people are accustomed consuming non-rice food. The study was conducted in the Biology Laboratory and the Pharmacy laboratory of MIPA Faculty Cenderawasih University and also the supporting Laboratory of The Papua Agricultural Research and Development Center (Balitbangtan). The purpose of this research is to test the quality of flour of Keerom sweet potato varieties. Method for flour of sweet potato quality testing were using phytochemical screening to determine the chemical compound group and using antioxidant test with the DPPH (1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. The results of the description of the Skanto District Keerom sweet potatoes in the field were three (3) local varieties including Weayuken (purple sweet potato), Musanaken (yellow sweet potato) and Hiho (white sweet potato). The result of phytochemical screening show that the purple sweet potato variety has more chemical compounds consist of tannins, quinones, flavonoids, terpenoids and alkaloids compared to white sweet potato consist of alkaloids only and yellow sweet potato consist of tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids and alkaloids. The result of antioxidant activity tests to flour extract ethanol has IC50values of 299.82 ppm (purple sweet potato), 301.18 (yellow sweet potato), 1027.98 ppm (white sweet potato) respectively. So can be conclude that the purple sweet potato variety is the best. It was suggested for further research to isolate bioactive compounds and test antioxidants to other varieties in other centers areas of sweetpotato culture which have potential to develop for food, supplement and tradisional drugs.Key words: Sweet potato; local varieties; flour quality; phytochemical screening; antioxidant test

Abstract:

Sweet potatoes are a very important crop and genetic improvement works are necessary. Each plant originated from a botanical seed is a new cultivar, being important its multiplication. The objective of this work was to evaluate the production of sweet potato seedlings from mini-cuttings from different varieties from the same parents. The treatments consisted of mini-cuttings of 38 varieties and of their Londrina and Uruguaiana parents. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with three replications. The following characteristics were evaluated: percentage of mini-rooted cutting and survival of seedlings after transplanting. The average minirooted cuttings was 91.4%. The survival rate in the field was above 99%. However, there was difference among the varieties mainly regarding the mini-rooted cuttings (values between 100% and 62.9%). It was concluded that the production of seedlings from mini-cuttings is a viable tool for genetic material multiplication from Londrina and Uruguaiana varieties crossing in programs of improvement.

Abstract:

Fourteen sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] cultivars and varieties were examined for resistance to the sweetpotato weevil [Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers)] in artificially infested fields in Yoakum, TX. One cultivar W-226, appeared to have a greater level of resistance than the other cultivars examined. The data are compared to earlier resistance trials to show that the germplasm presently available has greater levels of resistance than that in previous years. The resistance levels of “Resisto” and “Regal” for the past 4 years are discussed.

Abstract:

Dietary fibers have positive effects on the product structure thanks to their technological features. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of dietary fibers obtained from purple and orange sweet potato varieties on heat-treated sucuks. For this purpose, dietary fibers were produced from sweet potato varieties and their characterizations were determined. Then, sweet potato fibers were added to the sucuks in the amount included in their formulation and the effects of dietary fiber change were examined in terms of physicochemical, bioactive, textural and sensory. In this context, it was determined that the color change in sweet potatoes affected the color properties of the dietary fibers obtained. In addition, it was observed that the hardness value was the highest (1715.35 g) in sucuks to which orange sweet potato starch, which has high oil and water binding values, and the sweet potato fibers changed the product properties compared to the control group. Total phenolic content of sucuks was determined in the range of 60.57-130.45 mg/ml gallic acid and it was determined that sweet potato fibers increased the phenolic content. As a result of the study, it was determined that sweet potato dietary fibers are an alternative additive for sucuks.

Abstract:

Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the nutrient and antinutrient content of two improved sweet potato varieties released for drought prone areas of eastern Ethiopia. Design/methodology/approach Matured roots of two sweet potato varieties, namely, Berkume and Adu, were collected from Haramaya University, Toni Research Farm, Ethiopia. The sweet potatoes were ground into flour following standard procedure. Thereafter, proximate, dietary minerals and β-carotene were determined by official methods of analysis. The tannin and phytate contents were determined by colorimetric methods. Findings The moisture, protein, fat, fiber, ash, utilizable carbohydrate and gross energy varied from 6.23-6.61 per cent, 2.07-2.76 per cent, 1.25-1.52 per cent, 1.04-1.16 per cent, 3.38- 5.32 per cent, 90.03-91.45 per cent and 382.18-388.07 Kcal/100 g in both the sweet potato varieties. Potassium content (176.17 mg/100 g) was reported to be the highest and registered in Berkume variety, while the lowest mineral content (2.18 mg/100 g) determined was zinc in Adu sweet potato variety. The highest total carotenoid content (3.39mg/100 g) was recorded in Berkume sweet potato variety. The tannin and phytic acid contents ranged from 9.98 to 12.94 mg/100 g and from 0.24 to 0.31 mg/100 g in Berkume and Adu sweet potato varieties, respectively. Originality/value This study showed that the Berkume sweet potato variety has high nutritional potential and less antinutrient contents as compared with the nutritional value of many other roots and tuber crops documented in the FAO database and hence can contribute to reducing malnutrition in resource-poor settings of Ethiopia. Further work needs to be carried out on developing value-added products from Berkume sweet potato variety for its extensive utilization.

Abstract:

Lombok Island as an area that still has a high level of food insecurity is deemed necessary to develop tuber crops such as sweet potatoes, this is to support the diversity of existing food sources. This study aims to determine: 1) sweet potato germplasm cultivated on Lombok Island; and 2) the characteristics of sweet potato germplasm on Lombok Island. This research uses a descriptive method. Inventarization is carried out by the exploration method, and using cluster analysis which is then displayed in the form of a phenogram. The results showed: 1) obtained 17 accessions of sweet potato plants spread in 4 districts of Lombok Island; 2) the accessions found consisted of accessions of Sweet Potato KLU, Honey KLU, Purple 04 KLU, Orange Lobar, White Lobar, Purple 01 Lobar, Purple 02 Lobar, Purple 03 Lobar, Ornamental Attic, Attic Yellow, Attic White, Purple 01 Attic, Purple 02 Attic, Honey Lotim, Sokan Lotim, Purple 05 Lotim, and Purple 06 Lotim; 3) the cause of the differences in the characteristics of all observed accessions is genetic factors that are supported by different growing environmental conditions. In the accession of Sweet Potato Beduk KLU and Sokan Lotim are local varieties of sweet potato from Lombok Island, so it needs to be developed to maintain local superior sweet potato varieties from Lombok Island.

Abstract:

Physical properties of agricultural materials are essential in the development of machineries, equipment and devices. In this research, forty sample each of two unique varieties namely Jewel-orange flesh sweet potatoes (JOFSP) and Oriental-purple flesh sweet potatoes (OPFSP) physical properties were determined using standard methods and equations. The results show that JOFSP gave the mean length (110.68±24.59 mm), width(61.40±8.09 mm), geometric mean (39.72±8.19 mm), volume (187.78±73.85 ml), surface area (4950.00±203.32 mm2) and roundness (1.81±0.50) which were of higher values compared to that of OPFSP which gave the length (68.46±10.16 mm), width (59.32±5.82 mm), geometric mean (36.32±3.90 mm), volume (137.83±10.97 ml), surface area (4320.20±98.00 mm2) and roundness (1.41±0.30) respectively. JOFSP gave moisture content, thickness, mass, sphericity and true density of 58.00±10.17 %, 37.60±7.17 mm, 202.87±65.12 g, 0.35±0.08, and 1.17±0.27 g cm-3 which were of lower values compared to that of OPFSP which gave 79.32±3.84 %, 45.94±9.04 mm, 271.87±15.72 g, 0.53±0.08, and 1.89±0.14 g cm-3 for OPFSP respectively. The mean of the angle of repose and the static coefficient of friction considered for the three-separate surfaces namely plywood (9.35±2.87°, 0.17±0.05), stainless steel (8.50±3.50°,0.15±0.05) and galvanized steel (8.30±3.20°) of lower values for JOFSP compared to that of plywood which gave (11.80±2.25°, 0.21±0.04), stainless steel (9.90±2.02°, 0.19±0.05), galvanized steel (10.90±2.28°) for OPFSP while the coefficient static of friction of stainless steel for JOFSP gave a higher value of 0.20±0.13 compared to that of 0.17±0.04 for OPFSP respectively. These findings provide engineers with valuable information for designing different handling, grading, and drying systems for industrial processing.

Abstract:

Background: Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and xerophthalmia is prevalent and contribute to morbidity and mortality especially in young children in developing countries. Vitamin A deficiency contributes up to 23% lives lost in children aged 6 to 59 months. Thanks to huge requirements in children aged less than 59 months, vitamin A supplementation has been adopted by countries with support from UNICEF and other development partners. Without vitamin A supplementation a typical child in a developing country is not able to attain and maintain the minimally adequate liver retinol stores [Children are vitamin A deficient with liver retinol stores <20 µg/dL (<0.693 µmol/L)]. However, vitamin A supplementation has faced a number of challenges which creates an avenue for other intervention strategies. Dietary diversity is important. Beta carotene is converted to retinol on a function of 1:2, therefore children would have to eat tenfold increase in portion sizes of fruits and vegetables. Food fortification and enrichment of a specific meal that provides the necessary dietary recommendations of the child in less than three food servings that would provide the necessary nutritional requirements at a low cost therefore making it valuable in developing countries.Methods: Four OFSP varieties were procured from Embu in Kenya. The weaning food consisted of 20% maize (white) meal and 100% OFSP. Analysis was done on the composite flour and maize meal for pro-vitamin A. OFSP composite flour samples were analysed for pro vitamin A and comoared with recomended dietary allowance for children 6 to 59 months. The β-carotene nutrient retention of the weaning food was also calculated.Results: two OFSP varieties had the highest pro vitamin A carotenoid content: Tauing (57.10 mg/kg) and Haspot (51.70 mg/kg). Addition of white maize meal was important to improve gelatinization during preparation. One kilogram of maize meal enriched with Tauing variety of sweet potatoes is estimated to contain 50.88 mg/kg pro vitamin A carotenoid .Conclusion: white maize meal enriched with 80% OFSP is estimated to increase pro vitamin A carotenoid intake in children aged 6 to 59 months, contributing to a reduction in vitamin A deficiency in rural households.Keywords: Xerophthalmia; retinol; RDA; Pro-vitamin A carotenoid, weaning food.

Abstract:

Nawiri SO, Oduor RO, Jalemba AM. 2017. Genetic engineering of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) using isopentenyl transferase gene for enhanced drought tolerance. Asian J Agric 1: 85-99. Approximately 70% of yield crop reduction worldwide is caused by drought. Due to severe drought which happened many times as a result of climate change, substantial yield deprivation is usual among the major cereals such as maize, wheat, and barley.. Therefore, drought tolerant crops that still yield amidst erratic climatic phenomenon are greatly needed. Due to its capability to produce high yield in a short period, sweet potato is suitable for cultivation in regions with limited or erratic rain water supply where other food crops cannot grow easily. Nevertheless, its sensitivity to water deficit may lead to the adverse crop growth and yield. By conventional hybridization method, sweet potato is tried to be improved, but it gives unsatisfied results due to its high male sterility, sexual incompatibility and hexaploid nature of its genome.The aim of this study, therefore, is to develop new varieties of sweet potato with improved tolerance to water-deficit stress for sustainable production of sweet potato under water-limited conditions. Three sweet potato genotypes: Jewel, Kemb36, and Ksp36 were transformed using isopentenyl transferase gene (IPT) that delays drought-induced senescence via up-regulation of cytokinin biosynthesis, under the control of a waterdeficit responsive and maturation specific promoter (PSARK). The PNOV-IPT gene construct was introduced into sweet potato to evaluate their transformability and regenerability. It is done via Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA101 and the plants subsequently regenerated via somatic embryogenesis. Jewel genotype recorded the highest transformation and regeneration frequency followed by Kemb36 and KSP36. Calli were cultured on media supplemented with various mannose concentrations to evaluate the suitability of mannose as a selectable marker for sweet potato, and it was figured out that 30 g/L concentration was optimal for selection of transformed events. At the time of PCR analysis, Jewel had the highest transformation efficiency followed by Kemb36. At the time for evaluation on drought tolerance under controlled conditions, the sweet potato showed delayed senescence and greater drought tolerance under water deficit conditions in the glasshouse. These plants exhibited better growth, higher yield, higher water status maintenance, higher chlorophyll content, and thus higher photosynthetic rates under reduced water conditions in comparison to wild-type. These results, therefore, indicated that expression of isopentenyl transferase gene in sweet potato significantly improves drought tolerance. Therefore, IPT gene should be used to transform other economically important food crops to delay drought-induced senescence and enhance drought tolerance.

Abstract:

Sweet potato is an important food security crop in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Côte d’Ivoire, the roots are widely consumed as supplementary staple food or secondary food. The present study is conducted to highlight the nutritive composition, antinutrients and β-carotene contents of local sweet potatoes consumed in Côte d’Ivoire. The nutritive properties and antinutritive factors of these sweet potatoes were investigated using standard methods. Results confirmed the energetic value (363±1.63-374.08±0.56 kcal/100 g DM) of whole sweet potato flour, mainly due to its high carbohydrate content (86.75±0.40%-90.87±0.12%). Whole flour recorded low contents of moisture (4.50±0.10-6.30±0.15%), lipids (0.63±0.08-1.94±0.95%) and proteins (0.94±0.36-1.91±0.15%). The antinutritive factors ranged from 55.84±0.13 to 70.52±0.07 mg/100 g DM and 52.30±5.81-92.44±11.10 mg/100 g DM for oxalates and phytates, respectively. The mineral contents were: magnesium (49.37±1.09-540.87±0.82 mg/100 g DM), calcium (50.28±1.14-110.53±0.79 mg/100 g DM), phosphorus (25.12±1.04-42.75±0.82 mg/100 g DM), potassium (906.25±0.33-1625±0.61 mg/100 g DM), and iron (5.62±0.84-26.89±0.76 mg/100 g DM). The sweet potato flours highlighted polyphenols and antioxidant activity varying from 92.80±98.20±1.72 to 224.46±0.86 mg GAE /100 g DM, and 31.03±0.52-58.63±0.60%, respectively. While β-carotene levels of flours varied from 0.19±0.08 to 22.71±0.67 µg/g DM for white to orange cultivars. At the whole, the orange fleshed sweet potato cultivars recorded an appreciable amount of minerals (magnesium, iron and calcium), polyphenols and greater antioxidant activity. This indicates that these sweet potato cultivars may present a potential asset for their using as natural antioxidants to prevent chronic diseases and undernourishment caused mineral deficiency. The results also showed that the orange-fleshed varieties may contribute for vitamin A deficiencies alleviation in children of rural areas of Côte d’Ivoire.

Abstract:

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the functional components of sweet potato because of its nutritional and medicinal value. The aim of this study is to analyse how much sweet potato phenolic compounds composition (derived from caffeoylquinic acids) varies as a result of cooking. Traditional techniques such as: boiling, oven roasting and more recent processing techniques such as microwave cooking were tested. Three sweet potato varieties were cooked for different periods of time and under different conditions. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was used to extract the compounds of interest and then, a chemometric tool such as Box-Behnken design (BBD) was successfully used to evaluate and optimise the most influential factors in the extraction, i.e., temperature, solvent composition and sample-to-solvent ratio. The optimal settings for UAE were: solvent 100% methanol, a temperature of 39.4 °C and a mass/volume ratio of 0.5 g per 10 mL solvent. Oven roasting of sweet potatoes resulted in increased levels of caffeoylquinic acids, whereas prolonged cooking times in water resulted in decreasing levels of the same.

Abstract:

Sub-Saharan Africa could have a shortfall of nearly 90 Mt of cereals by the year 2025 if current agricultural practices are maintained. Biotechnology is one of the ways to improve agricultural production. Insect-resistant varieties of maize and cotton suitable for the subcontinent have been identified as already having a significant impact. Virus-resistant crops are under development. These include maize resistant to the African endemic maize streak virus and cassava resistant to African cassava mosaic virus. Parasitic weeds such as Striga attack the roots of crops such as maize, millet, sorghum and upland rice. Field trials in Kenya using a variety of maize resistant to a herbicide have proven very successful. Drought-tolerant crops are also under development as are improved varieties of local African crops such as bananas, cassava, sorghum and sweet potatoes.

Abstract:

Producing ‘Hawaiian Heritage’ cultivars can raise the market value of locally grown sweet potatoes and increase small farmer earnings in Hawaii. Twelve sweet potato breeding lines (Ipomea batatas L.), derived from the Hawaiian maternal parent ‘Mohihi’, together with four check varieties, were trialed under organic management conditions across three environments (site-year combinations) in Oahu, Hawaii (Waimānalo-2018, Waimānalo-2019 and Poamoho-2019). Trials were harvested five months after planting, consistent with local commercial production standards. There were significant differences in fresh harvest yield, post-curing yield, shape, and quality between environments and cultivars. The ‘Hawaiian Heritage’ lines HM 26 and HM 34 outperformed the commercial standard, demonstrating the potential use of traditional Hawaiian germplasm in modern breeding programs. Additionally, ‘Hawaiian Heritage’ lines (e.g., HM 32 and HM 17) with unique traits favored by the local community may be suitable breeding materials for niche markets.

Abstract:

Like cassava flour for making “attiéké” (cassava semolina), the sweet potato tuber, after grinding followed by pressing, produces flour and juice. The present work aims to enhance this juice from the sweet potato by a fermentation which leads to an alcoholic drink. The process consists of five steps including juice extraction, gelation, enzymatic hydrolysis by millet malt, pasteurization and fermentation. We have followed the evolution of some chemical and biochemical parameter at each step of the process. The results indicate that enzymatic hydrolysis with millet malt increases the reducing sugar level by 10 times which was 0.074 g/ml ± 0.013 and 0.041 mg/ml ± 0.011 respectively for white-fleshed sweet potato and yellow flesh after extraction. However, the process drops the vitamin C level from 0.1 mg / ml ± 0.013 of white-fleshed potato juice and 0.05 mg / ml ± 0.002 of yellow-fleshed potato juice to 6.6 10-3 mg/ml ± 1.9.10-3 and 5.9.10-3 mg / ml ± 0.8.10-3 in the same order. The optimal production of alcohol during fermentation is obtained with a concentration of 40 mg / L of yeast to reach an alcohol level of 5.56% ± 0.1 and 4.60% ± 0.1 respectively for the potatoes. sweet with yellow flesh and white flesh after 6 hours.

Abstract:

An in vitro method was used to assess the bioaccessibility of phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, and capsaicinoid compounds in different cooked potatoes mixed with roasted peppers (Capsicum annuum), Joe Parker (JP, hot), and Sweet Delilah (SD, sweet). The present study identified differences in the bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds among the potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum) Purple Majesty (PM; purple flesh), Yukon Gold (YG; yellow flesh), Rio Grande Russet (RG; white flesh) and a numbered selection (CO 97226-2R/R (R/R; red flesh)). The bioactive compounds and capsaicinoid compounds in potatoes and peppers were estimated before and after in vitro digestion. Before digestion, the total phenolic content of potato cultivars mixed with JP was in the following order: R/R > PM > YG > RG. The highest levels of carotenoids were 194.34 µg/g in YG and 42.92 µg/g in the RG cultivar when mixed with roasted JP. The results indicate that the amount of bioaccessible phenolics ranged from 485 to 252 µg/g in potato cultivars mixed with roasted JP. The bioaccessibility of flavonoids ranged from 185.1 to 59.25 µg/g. The results indicate that the YG cultivar mixed with JP and SD showed the highest phenolic and carotenoid bioaccessibility. In contrast, the PM mixed with JP and SD contained the lowest phenolic and carotenoid bioaccessibility. Our results indicate that the highest flavonoid bioaccessibility occurred in R/R mixed with roasted JP and SD. The lowest flavonoids bioaccessibility occurred in PM and the RG. The maximum bioaccessible amount of capsaicin was observed in YG mixed with JP, while the minimum bioaccessibility was observed with PM.

Abstract:

В 2017–2019 годах изучены сортообразцы сладкого картофеля на староорошаемых лугово-сероземных почвах Зарафшанской долины. Цель исследований – комплексная оценка сортообразцов батата в условиях Зарафшанской долины по скороспелости, росту, развитию, интенсивному размножению, формированию урожая, компактности клубней в гнезде, продуктивности, урожайности и лежкости клубней и выделение из них перспективных, а также разработка приемов агротехнологии получения высоких урожаев для данных условий. Почвы опытного участка характеризуются благоприятными агрофизическими и водными свойствами и низким содержанием гумуса, нитратного азота, подвижного фосфора и содержанием обменного калия от низкого до среднего. Сравнивали 18 сортообразцов батата. Выделенные сортообразцы изучали при ширине междурядий 70 и 90 см со схемой 70×25 и 90×20 см по 1, 2 и 3 растения в гнезде. Для получения рассады сортообразцов батата брали по 40 клубней и высаживали 20–22 февраля в пленочной теплице при температуре 15–18 °C, заделывая их на глубину 3–5 см. Влажность почвы поддерживали на уровне 65–70%. Через 7–10 дней после высадки почки начинают прорастать, а через 43–48 дней формируется рассада высотой 12–15 см, готовая для высадки в поле. Высадка рассады, как и других рассадных культур (томата, перца, баклажана) – по схеме 70×20–25 см во второй-третьей декаде апреля. Уход включал в себя междурядную обработку (культивация), прополку, борьбу с сорняками, подкормку, поливы. Уборка урожая – в конце сентября-начале октября с помощью картофелекопателя. В результате исследований выделились сорта по скороспелости, дружности формирования ростков, ускоренному размножению, продуктивности, компактности клубней в гнезде и с высоким товарным урожаем – Сочакинур, Хар-Бей и Япон. Возделывание этих сортообразцов по схеме 70×25 и 90×20 см способствует получению товарного урожая высокого качества не менее 43–48 т/га. In 2017–2019, studies were conducted on the study of varieties of sweet potatoes on old-irrigated meadow-gray-earth soils of the Zarafshan valley. The purpose of the research is a comprehensive assessment of sweet potato varieties in the conditions of the Zarafshan valley in terms of early maturity, growth, development, intensive reproduction, yield formation, compactness of tubers in the nest, productivity, yield and keeping quality of tubers and the selection of promising ones, as well as the development of methods of agricultural technology for obtaining high yields for given conditions. The soil is characterized by favorable agrophysical and water properties and low content of humus, nitrate nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and a low-average content of exchange potassium. Eighteen sweet potato varieties were compared. The selected variety samples were studied with a row spacing of 70 and 90 cm with a scheme of 70×25 and 90×20 cm for 1, 2 and 3 seedlings in the nest. To obtain seedlings of sweet potato varieties, 40 tubers were taken and planted on February 20–22 in a film greenhouse at a temperature of 15–18 °C, seeding to a depth of 3–5 cm, the soil moisture was maintained at 65–70%. 7–10 days after planting, the buds began to germinate, and after 43–48 days, seedlings were formed with a height of 12–15 cm, which is ready for planting in the field. Planting seedlings in the field is carried out, as well as other seedlings (tomato, pepper, eggplant) according to the scheme 70x20–25 cm in the second or third decade of April. Growing includes inter-row processing (cultivation), weeding, weed control, top dressing, watering. Harvesting in late September, early October with a potato digger. As a result of the research, varieties were identified in terms of early maturity, sprout formation, accelerated reproduction, productivity, compactness of tubers in the nest and ensuring a high marketable yield – Sochakinur, Xar-Bey, and Japon. The cultivation of these varieties according to the scheme 70×25 and 90×20 cm contributes to the production of a commodity crop at 43–48 t/ha with good qualities.

Abstract:

This study aims to: (1) mapping the distribution pattern of the application of agricultural technology innovation specific locations, (2) determine the critical success factors distribution application of agricultural technology innovation specific locations, (3) improvement of distribution patterns and acceleration of the adoption and diffusion of technological innovations to support agribusiness and agroindustrial rice, sweet potatoes and soybeans in Papua. The research activities carried out during March 2011 to February 2014 using three approaches (methods), namely (1) Desk Study on the SL- PTT rice, soybean and sweet potato (2) surveys to obtain quantitative data in three districts purposively selected with 10- 20 respondents, (3) the application pattern of diffusion through the demonstration of quality seeds of rice, corn and soybeans in the BPP or a farmer seed sources in three selected districts.Agronomic data were tabulated and analyzed descriptively. Analysis of the level of efficiency in the application of technology used indicator plots the balance receiptsand fees or analysis of R / C ratio. To measure the success of the application of technological innovations in the plots need to set performance indicators, covering aspects of the use of inputs, processes, outputs, outcomes, benefits and impacts. The results show that the dissemination of technological innovations for the development of location-specific agricultural commodities of rice, corn, soybean and sweet potato, has spread in most regions crop farming development centers in Papua. But only concentrated around the transmigration settlement area. New varieties of soybean plants yielding seeds and rice showed better productivity than the old varieties that have been repeatedly planted by farmers. Yielding varieties of maize is being introduced less developed because it is still constrained by marketing, if the market is readily available, farmers are willing to develop it.

Abstract:

Research on Various Connections of Manihot esculenta crant for thepurpose of obtaining good quality cassava seeds and increasing farmers' income,especially cassava farmers. This study was compiled based on a completerandomized design (CRD) with four treatment levels and three replications ofeach replication consisting of four treatments, consisting of control (A),connecting local cinnamon yams with yellow cassava (B), connecting localcinnamon yams with plain cassava (C), connecting local sweet potatoes withelephant cassava (D). The variables observed were weight of fresh tuber weight(kg), number of tubers (fruit), longest tuber length (cm). Splicing using localcassava rootstock with elephant cassava stem (D), gives a better influence onfresh tuber weight (6.89 kg), tuber number (20.67 pieces) and longest tuber length (63.55 cm).Key words: Cassava, shoots, Varieties

Abstract:

The European Union (EU) market for sweet potatoes has increased by 100% over the last five years, and sweet potato cultivation in southern European countries is a new opportunity for the EU to exploit and introduce new genotypes. In view of this demand, the origins of the principal Italian sweet potato clones, compared with a core collection of genotypes from Central and Southern America, were investigated for the first time. This was accomplished by combining a genetic analysis, exploiting 14 hypervariable microsatellite markers, with morphological and chemical measurements based on 16 parameters. From the molecular analyses, Italian accessions were determined to be genetically very similar to the South American germplasm, but they were sub-clustered into two groups. This finding was subsequently confirmed by the morphological and chemical measurements. Moreover, the analysis of the genetic structure of the population suggested that one of the two groups of Italian genotypes may have descended from one of the South American accessions, as predicted on the basis of the shared morphological characteristics and molecular fingerprints. Overall, the combination of two different characterization methods, genetic markers and agronomic traits, was effective in differentiating or clustering the sweet potato genotypes, in agreement with their geographical origin or phenotypic descriptors. This information could be exploited by both breeders and farmers to detect and protect commercial varieties, and hence for traceability purposes.

Abstract:

Two relevant studies on food security are referred to in the article. Food insecurity from time to time threatens in Teso sub region which houses a viable Teso agricultural system. One study was done during 2001-2003 in Teso on sweet potato production with 650 persons participating and the second one was done in one disaster affected area of Bududa District nearby during 2012-2016 when 1,142 persons participated. Kiryandongo District where Bududa landslide survivors were resettled in Uganda was included in that study. Participatory methods such as focus group discussions, farm observations, in-depth interviews, and questionnaires were used. Both studies used qualitative and quantitative methods for data analysis. The sweet potato stands second after cassava as the crop for famine and disaster periods in Teso to meet the human right to adequate food to complement the well dried cereals & grain legumes that stored longer. Livestock especially was also one of the prime determinants of food security and income in Teso. Free from cyanides with a good content of affordable Vitamin A from orange fleshed varieties, sweet potatoes in Teso contributed about 61% to the yearly food per capita of the population thus a recommendable crop for sustainable food security and some income in Teso and beyond.

Abstract:

AbstractThe Reaching End Users (REU) project introduced orange sweet potatoes (OSP) to farmers in northern Mozambique between 2006 and 2009, and the associated cluster randomised control trial found increased vitamin A intake among targeted children and women of child-bearing age and reduced prevalence of inadequate vitamin A intake. Yet little is known about whether successful agricultural–nutrition interventions have lasting effects. This study measures the lasting effects of the REU project, 3 years after the project ended, on vitamin A intake. To do so, dietary intake data were collected in the same thirty-six villages as the original study, focusing on both women of child-bearing age and children under 6 years old, the latter including both children who had been measured before and younger children (under 3 years old) in the same farmer groups. The dietary intake is then converted to micronutrient intake to compare treated households with control households. Vitamin A intake remains higher in treated villages than in control villages among both children under 3 years old, who had not been born when the original intervention ended, and mothers of child-bearing age. Differences in vitamin A intake can wholly be attributed to differences in OSP intake. Therefore, the REU project appears to have had lasting impacts on vitamin A intake beyond the intervention period. Had the vine retention component been enhanced, lasting impacts could have been even larger.

Abstract:

The aim of the study was the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the bioactive components present in the leaves of 9 sweet potato cultivars grown in the moderate climate in Poland, which were harvested at different growth stages according to the BBCH (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie) scale (14, 51, 89). It was found that sweet potato leaves contained 7 polyphenolic compounds, including 5 chlorogenic acids—neochlorogenic acid (5-CQA), chlorogenic acid (3-CQA), 4-cryptochlorogenic acid (4-CQA), 34-di-O-caffeoylqunic acid (3,4-CQA), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylqunic acid (3,5-CQA)—and 2 flavonoids, quercetin-3-O-galactoside (Q-3-GA) and quercetin-3-O-glucoside (Q-3-GL). Their content depended on the genotype of the examined cultivars and on the stage of leaf development. The mean content of the identified polyphenolic compounds in the examined cultivars ranged from 148.2 to 14.038.6 mg/100 g−1 DM for the leaves harvested at growth stage 14 according to the BBCH scale. In the case of leaves harvested at BBCH stage 51, the concentration of polyphenolic compounds ranged from 144.76 to 5026.8 mg/100 g−1 DM and at BBCH stage 89 from 4078.1 to 11.183.5 mg/100 g−1 DM. The leaves of the Carmen Rubin cultivar collected at stage 14 contained the highest amount of polyphenolic compounds, while Okinava leaves had the highest amount of these compounds at stage 51. The highest content of polyphenolic compounds in leaves at BBCH growth stage 89 was found in the Radiosa variety. The highest concentration levels were found for 3-CQA at all stages of leaf development. Significant correlations between polyphenol content and antioxidant activity measured by 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) were found. The results of this experiment revealed that the growth stages and genetic properties of cultivars have a very significant influence on the content of phenolic acids and flavonols in sweet potato leaves. The results are innovative and can have a practical application, as the knowledge of the content of the substances under study makes it possible to determine the optimal management practice of sweet potato leaf harvest in order to obtain more top-quality raw material.